Miriam Makeba: The Voice of Resistance and Change

Music is a powerful tool for expression and transformation. Throughout history, many musicians have used their voices to confront social and political injustices, advocate for equity, and amplify the struggles of underrepresented communities. Among these influential voices are black female artists like Nina Simone, Billie Holiday, Aretha Franklin, Mahalia Jackson, and Miriam Makeba. Each left an indelible mark on the world through their artistry and activism.

Miriam Makeba: Mama Africa

Miriam Makeba, affectionately known as Mama Africa, was a renowned South African singer and civil rights activist. Born Zenzile Miriam Makeba on March 4, 1932, in Johannesburg, she was the daughter of Xhosa and Swazi parents and grew up in a segregated black township on the outskirts of the city. She passed away on November 10, 2008, in Italy, but her legacy continues to resonate globally.

Her Career

Her music career began at a young age at school and at local events. In 1954, she started her career as a vocalist, performing on numerous stages in Johannesburg, joining the Manhattan Brothers, a popular South African group known for their vernacular rhythms.

Later, she co-founded the Skylarks, an all-women group that uniquely blended traditional African sounds with jazz and American musical influences.

Her career took a peak after her appearance in the documentary film Come Back African (1959), directed by the independent filmmaker Lionel Rogosin, who exposed the harsh realities of apartheid. Her powerful performance caught the attention of international audiences, including American singer and activist Harry Belafonte.

📽️ Watch the trailer for Come Back, Africa

Exile, Activism, and Global Recognition

Following the release of the film, Makeba was invited to perform in the United States, where she eventually settled with the help of Belafonte. Together, they recorded An Evening with Belafonte/Makeba, a groundbreaking album that won the 1965 Grammy Award for Best Folk Recording. The album highlighted South African protest songs and brought global attention to the context of black individuals in South Africa.

Makeba became a leading voice against apartheid, using her platform to speak out on international stages. Her outspoken criticism led the South African government to revoke her citizenship and ban her music. She spent over 30 years in exile, performing across the United States, Europe, and Africa.

Despite the ban, her fame and influence only grew. She became a symbol of resistance and pride for African people and oppressed communities worldwide.

I kept my culture. I kept the music of my roots. Through my music, I became this voice and image of Africa and the people without even realising.

Return and Legacy

In 1991, thanks to efforts by Nelson Mandela—newly released from prison—Makeba returned to South Africa after decades in exile. Her homecoming marked a powerful moment in the country’s transition toward democracy. Miriam Makeba continued to perform and speak out against injustice until her final days.

Throughout her life, Makeba formed close relationships with many artists, activists, and leaders. Yet her story stands on its own: a fearless woman who used her music not just to entertain, but to empower and inspire.

My Connection to Her Music

I can’t recall the exact moment I first heard Miriam Makeba’s music, but as a Black woman and activist, her voice and message deeply resonate with me. Her commitment to justice reflects the values I strive to uphold. I aim to create change in today’s complex and often challenging world.

Creating meaningful change is never easy—especially in a diverse and divided global landscape—but it begins with persistence, community, and small, everyday actions. Miriam’s life and music are powerful reminders that voices raised in truth and solidarity can inspire transformation. Her legacy continues to echo in the movements of today, lighting the way for those who carry the torch forward.

References

National Archives. African American Heritage. https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/individuals/miriam-makeba

Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Miriam-Makeba

https://theconversation.com/the-legacy-of-iconic-singer-miriam-makeba-and-her-art-of-activism-178230